Molecule+Fact+Table

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-Compounds are composed of molecules. -Compounds have properties different from the elements they are made of -water is a compound (hydrogen atoms & oxygen atoms) || Solutions are made of two or more substances and are mixed evenly, whereas substances in suspension eventually will separate. || -all living things contain organic compounds (AND inorganic compounds) -examples of organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids -coal is an organic compound -organic molecules can contain hundreds/thousands of atoms || Examples: water, many simple acids and bases, and simple salts, rocks -water is one of the most important inorganic compounds for living things -non-living things contain inorganic compounds (non-living things can be products of living things: coal) -the source for many elements needed by living things -many foods we eat contain inorganic compounds || An atom consists of three main types of subatomic particles: protons neutrons and electrons. - the center of an atom is the nucleus - the nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons - outside the nucleus of an atom are electrons - an atom is mostly empty space - energy holds parts of an atom together || A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecules of compounds contain atoms of two or more different elements bonded together. || - Molecules do not make up atoms || lipids proteins nucleic acids || oxygen hydrogen -carbohydrates are organic molecules that supply energy for cell processes || oxygen hydrogen phosphorus || oxygen hydrogen nitrogen sulfur || oxygen hydrogen nitrogen phosphorus || skin hair || starch cellulose (an important part of plant cells) -carbohydrates are organic molecules that supply energy for cell processes || RNA || -short-term energy storage -example of carbohydrate: sugar & starches -the carbohydrate, cellulose, is an important part of plant cells || -form boundaries around cells (part of cell membrane) -lipids do not mix with water -one lipid, phospholipid, is a major part of cell membranes || -to build cell structures || -used to make proteins || -the genetic material found in all cells (at some point in their life) -carries information that directs each cell's activities || -needed to make enzymes (enzymes are proteins) -needed to make proteins || -calcium phosphate -hydrochloric acid -sodium bicarbonate -salts containing sodium, chlorine, potassium || -makes up most of the blood -most chemical reactions occur in water || -smallest part of a molecular compound is a molecule (group of atoms) -form when different atoms share their outermost electrons -example: two atoms hydrogen, one atom oxygen form one molecule - WATER || -electrically charged atoms (positive or negative) are called ions -important in many life processes -messages are sent along nerves because of ions -muscles contract because of ions -involved in the transport of oxygen -movement of some substances into and out of a cell would not be possible without ions || -Ions of opposite charges attract one another to form electrically neutral compounds Example: table salt is an ionic compound ||
 * What two elements make up most of your body? || The two elements that make up most of our body are oxygen and carbon. ||
 * What is a compound? || A compound is a union of two or more elements (atoms) in exact proportions joined by chemical bonds.
 * What is an element? || Elements are made up of only one kind of atom. ||
 * What is a mixture? || A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity.
 * What are organic compounds? || Organic compounds are made up of a union of two or more elements (atoms: carbon & hydrogen) in exact proportions joined by chemical bonds.
 * What are inorganic compounds? || Inorganic compounds are formed by a union of two or more elements (atoms NOT containing carbon) in exact proportions joined by chemical bonds.
 * What are atoms? || Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter, they are the smallest unit of matter.
 * What is a molecule? || A molecule is the smallest unity of most compounds.
 * Compare and Contrast: Atoms vs. Molecules || - Atoms make up molecules
 * Name four types of organic compounds found in all living things. || carbohydrates
 * What are the 3 elements of carbohydrates? || carbon
 * What are the 4 elements of lipids? || carbon
 * What are the 5 elements of proteins? || carbon
 * What are the 5 elements of nucleic acids? || carbon
 * What are three examples of proteins? || enzymes
 * What are three examples of carbohydrates? || sugars
 * What are two examples of nucleic acids? || DNA
 * What are three functions of carbohydrates? || -to supply energy for cell processes
 * What are two functions of lipids? || -store and release large amounts of energy (even more than carbohydrates)
 * What are two functions of proteins? || -to regulate cell processes
 * What are two functions of nucleic acids? || -to carry hereditary information
 * What are nucleic acids? || Large organic molecules that store important coded information in cells - DNA ||
 * What is DNA? || -deoxyribonucleic acid
 * What is RNA? || -ribonucleic acid
 * What are 5 inorganic compounds important to humans? || -water
 * Tell me about water? || Water the most important inorganic compounds needed by all living things.
 * What is a molecular compound? || A molecular compound is a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules.
 * What is an ion? || An ion is an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge
 * What are ionic compounds? || Ionic compounds are made up of metal and non-metal atoms that are bonded by the attraction of their opposite charges.
 * What is a mixture? || A mixture is a combination of substances in which individual substances retain their own properties.

Mixtures can be solids, liquids, gases, or any combination.

Most chemical reactions take place in mixtures called solutions. || (Cell's cytoplasm: dissolved molecules and ions) ||
 * What is a solution? || A solution is two or more substances mixed evenly. (Sweat: salt and water)
 * What is a suspension? || A suspension is formed when a liquid or gas has another substance spread throughout it.

Substances in suspensions separate.

Blood is a suspension. || - Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. - Matter can be broken up by energy. - Matter is made up of atoms - examples of matter: rocks soil, air, animals, people || Energy can hold matter together or break it apart. Example: heat || EXO - EXIT || EQUAL - EVEN || Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion ||
 * What is matter? || Matter is that which takes up space.
 * What is energy? || Energy is anything that brings about change.
 * Is water a compound or an element? || Water is a compound. ||
 * What is the transport and storage structure in a cell's cytoplasm? || The transport and storage structure in a cell's cytoplasm are the vesicles. ||
 * What process releases energy? || The process of respiration releases energy? ||
 * Producers and consumers use what process to provide energy to cells? || Producers and consumers use the process of respiration to provide energy to cells. ||
 * If something has carbon in it, is it organic or inorganic? || Organic ||
 * Plants make food through what process? || Plants can convert light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis changes light energy into sugars. ||
 * Which process happens when vesicles release their contents outside the cell? || Exocytosis is the process of vesicles releasing their contents outside the cell.
 * What stops the process of diffusion in cells? || Equilibrium stops the process of diffusion. ||
 * What is equilibrium? || Equilibrium occurs when molecules of one substance are spread evenly, of diffused, throughout another substance.
 * What processes are examples of passive transport? || Osmosis
 * What is a solution? || A solution is an equal mixture of two or more substances.

Most chemical reactions that occur in living organisms take place in solutions. || Enzymes are proteins that help chemical reactions occur. || An element is any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter. || Lipids contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and phosphorus. || guanine thymine cytosine || Regeneration is the ability to grow lost parts. || guanine cytosine uracil || 1 prophase 2 metaphase 3 anaphase 4 telophase || metaphase anaphase telophase ||
 * Why are plants green? || Plants are green because they contain chlorophyll. ||
 * What is chlorophyll? || Chlorophyll is green pigment found in chloroplast it absorbs light energy necessary for making food in plants. ||
 * What are large organic molecules that store important coded information in cells? || Nucleic Acid - also called DNA ||
 * What are enzymes? || Enzymes are biological catalysts (cause reactions but are not changed).
 * What is an element? || And element is a substance consisting entirely of one type of atom.
 * Genetic material is found in which organic compound? || Genetic material is found in nucleic acid - DNA. ||
 * Where is most of the water in your body located? || Most of the water in our body is located within our cells. ||
 * How does water help our body? || Water helps our body by maintaining the shape and size of our cells. ||
 * What does a selectively permeable membrane do? || A selectively permeable membrane allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally specialized "facilitated diffusion. ||
 * Are lipids organic or inorganic? || Lipids are organic compounds.
 * What is a zygote? || A zygote is the first cell of a new individual. It is the cell that is created by the joining of two cells: sperm and egg. ||
 * How is DNA used in reproduction? || DNA is a code in the nucleus which is copied before being passed to a new cell. ||
 * What are the four nitrogen bases that are found in DNA? || adenine
 * What is the process of the cell cycle where the nucleus divides to create two identical nuclei? || The process of the cell cycle where the nucleus divides to create two identical nuclei is called mitosis. ||
 * Which process produces haploid sex cells? || Haploid cells are produced by meiosis; this ensures that parents and offspring have the same diploid number. ||
 * What is telophase? || Telophase is the final step in mitosis; the cytoplasm begins to separate, the separated chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the dividing cell and the nuclei of the daughter cells form around the two sets of chromosomes. ||
 * What is regeneration? || Regeneration is part of asexual reproduction.
 * Each of your cells use some or all of the genes in a chromosome? || Some ||
 * Which part of a cell contains hereditary material? || Chromosome ||
 * What can fission be used to do? || Fission can be used for asexual reproduction. ||
 * What is a possible outcome of a mistake in meiosis? || A possible outcome of a mistake in meiosis is that an organism might not grow normally. ||
 * What is the purpose of a chromosome? || The purpose of a chromosome is to carry hereditary material. ||
 * How many chromosomes are in a human body cell? || A human body cell contains 46 chromosomes. ||
 * Which cell is formed when fertilization occurs? || zygote ||
 * What happens during prophase? || During prophase, the two centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell, spindle fibers are formed and stretch across the cell. ||
 * Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA? || Uracil is found in RNA but not in DNA. ||
 * What are the four nitrogen bases that are found in RNA? || adenine
 * What is mitosis? || Mitosis is the division of the cell nucleus:
 * How many types of compounds are there? || There are two types of compounds: molecular compounds & ionic compound. ||
 * When does fermentation occur? || Fermentation occurs when cells do not have enough oxygen to carry out respiration, cells use fermentation to release some of the energy stored in glucose. ||
 * Why is cell division important? || Cell division is important because it's how living things reproduce, grow, and replace dying cells. ||
 * What is the cell cycle? || The cell cycle is formation, growth, and death. ||
 * What are the steps of Mitosis? || prophase
 * What happens in the first step of mitosis: prophase? || During prophase, pairs of chromatids (the duplicated chromosome from interphase) are fully visible, the nucleolus and the nuclear membrane disintegrate, the spindle is beginning to form. Two small structures called centrioles move to opposite ends of the cells. Between the centrioles, threadlike spindle fibers begin to stretch across the cell. ||
 * What happens in the second step of mitosis: metaphase? || During metaphase, pairs of chromatids (the duplicated chromosome from interphase) line up across the center of the cell. The centromere of each pair usually become attached to two spindle fibers - one from each side of the cell. ||
 * What happens in the third step of mitosis: anaphase? || During anaphase, the chromatids (the duplicated chromosome from interphase) separate. Each centromere divides and the spindle fibers shorten. Each pair of chromatids separates, and chromatids begin to move to opposite ends of the cell. The chromatids are now called chromosomes. ||
 * What happens in the fourth and final step of mitosis: telophase? || During telophase the cytoplasm is beginning to separate. Spindle fibers start to disappear. The chromosomes start to uncoil, and two nuclei form. Mitosis ends. There are now two new cells. ||
 * What happens at the end of mitosis? || At the end of mitosis, two new cells have formed and the two new cells enter interphase. ||
 * What is interphase? || Interphase is the time when the cell's chromosomes duplicate and mitosis begins. The nucleolus is clearly visible in the nucleus. The cell enters mitosis. ||